The CRISPR-Cas genome editing revolution: the power of microbiology

Emmanuelle Charpentier, PhD - Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020

Scientific and Managing Director
Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens
Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft)

This conference is hosted by Élie Lambert and Djamouna Sihou (IRCM's ASSO). 

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This lecture will be held in person, in the IRCM Jacques-Genest Auditorium, but will also be broadcastl live on Zoom (Zoom Link)

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Résumé

CRISPR-Cas9 is a groundbreaking genome editing technology derived from an adaptive, RNA-based immune system found in bacteria and archaea. This natural defense mechanism protects against viral infections by targeting and cutting foreign genetic material. Key discoveries—particularly the identification of tracrRNA in Streptococcus pyogenes—uncovered how the Cas9 enzyme, guided by a duplex of tracrRNA and crRNA, can precisely create double-stranded breaks in DNA. Scientists have adapted this system into a powerful, RNA-guided tool for targeted genome editing—often referred to as "molecular scissors." This technology allows for precise and efficient modification of genes in a wide range of cells and organisms. In basic research, CRISPR-Cas9 is used to study gene function, regulatory networks, and disease models. In biotechnology, it accelerates developments in crop improvement, synthetic biology, and microbial engineering. In medicine, it holds promise for treating genetic disorders, developing gene therapies, and advancing cancer treatment. Thanks to its simplicity, precision, and versatility, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a fundamental tool across scientific disciplines—ushering in a new era of genetic engineering with far-reaching implications for biology and human health.

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